Framerelay is far from my strong suit, so i questionmarked my way through the fr commands. Ccna security lab securing layer 2 switches topology. Osi model 7 layers explained pdf layers functions what is osi model. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven layer osi model of computer networking. Doing so creates a better understanding of the network data flow. Knowing your layer 2 and layer 3 protocols biztech magazine. Within the discussion of content networking, we will. Epc radiofrequency identity protocols generation 2 uhf rfid. Specifically, things like spanning tree protocol, rapid spanning tree same link, trill computing, and ieee 802. They break up one large collision domain into multiple smaller ones in a typical lan, all hosts are connected to one central device. Viewed complete, it provides a unique reference to a logical collection of elements. An applicationlayer protocol is only one piece albeit, a big piece of a network application. Network protocol definitions, and terms interfacebus.
A protocol in the networking terms is a kind of negotiation and. A list of typical layers can be found below and are provided also with the drawing template file. The following list is an example of typical layers used by the cad team. Describe the function and operation of layer 2 switching. It is important to remember the order of the layers in the osi model. Application layer protocols are used to exchange data between programs running on the source and destination hosts. There are many application layer protocols, and new protocols are always being developed. Layer 2, also known as the data link layer, is the second level in the seven layer osi reference model for network protocol design.
Layer 2 switching or data link layer switching is the process of using devices mac addresses to decide where to forward frames. Lan layer 2 qoscos protocol for traffic prioritization205. You will also configure various switch protection measures, including access port security and spanning tree protocol stp features, such. The application layer acts as interface between the applications and the underlying network. Network protocols acronyms and abbreviations list of network protocols with abbreviations order by index.
Hollinger based on unix network programming, stevens, chapter 9 also java network programming and distributed computing, chapter 3,8 also online java tutorial, sun. Layer 2 protocols basically control access to a shared medium copper, fiber, electro magnetic waves. Mar 14, 2010 march 14, 2010 layer 2 protocols on serial links earlier today i was tasked with getting two serial interfaces to talk with each other. The osi model open system interconnection model defines a computer networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Many acrostics can be used to remember the order, but possibly the most common is. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network wan or between nodes on the same local area network lan segment. Pdf computer networks cns are progressing as emerging field in. The network layer is interested in getting messages to the corresponding network layer module on an adjacent machine. Many of these protocols are originally based on the internet protocol suite tcpip and other models and they often do not fit neatly into osi layers. Udp at the transport layer of the ip network stack, udp user datagram protocol is the preferred method for the delivery of live video streams. Switches and bridges are used for layer 2 switching. March 14, 2010 layer 2 protocols on serial links earlier today i was tasked with getting two serial interfaces to talk with each other. The presentation layer may represent encode the data in various ways e. Ethernet, token ring, and frame relay are all examples of data link layer or layer 2 protocols.
This design guide documents two wanaggregation design models that use either simple. Secure sockets layer \ssl\transport layer security \tls\ layer security \tls\ qsortvtlsa. Advanced protocols in industrial managed switches optimizing the performance and intelligence of the network many times, the implementation of standards based interactive protocols, such as lldplink layer discovery protocol, is what distinguishes enterprisegrade networks from those implemented by small to medium sized businesses. Data link layer protocols the data link layer provides service to the network layer above it. Spanning treeenabled switches go through a root election process based on bridge p.
Because of the growth in internetbased networks, iptcp are becoming the leading protocols for most networks. The major protocols used by this layer include bluetooth, pon, otn, dsl, ieee. File transfer protocol ftp and trivial file transfer protocol tftp are used for transferring small and large files across a network. Protocol encapsulation chart a pdf file illustrating the relationship between common protocols and the osi reference model. Networking tasks often require more than one protocol to perform a task, such as file transfer. Addressing if both the devices and the standards are modified to operate using either the standard 33 mac addresses, the providers 33 mac addresses, or both, then simultaneous use of a layer 2 protocol is possible.
Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations. Layer 2 protocols 3 31 layer 2 protocols 3 pptp point to point tunneling protocol pptp ppp ip encapsulation for tcpip, ipx, and netbeui no encryption, but extended with rc4, pap, chap, and eap singlefactor authentication. This article provides some information about layer 2 control protocols l2cp according to the metro ethernet forum specifications. Application layer protocols help exchange data between programs running on the source and destination hosts. This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the open systems interconnection model. Epc radiofrequency identity protocols generation2 uhf rfid. If there is a need to create a new layer, uor layering convention must be followed. In particular, an application layer protocol defines.
Most of the information in this article is based on contents in the mef 45 technical specification multicen l2cp from august 2014 and mef 6. Data link layer protocols create, transmit, and receive. The web is a network application that allows users to obtain documents from. Framerelay is far from my strong suit, so i questionmarked my way through the fr commands, making up dlcis, adding map statements, etc. Advanced protocols industrial managed switches perle. Metro ethernet forum layer 2 control protocol handling.
Frame relay is a layer 2 protocol used with a number of physical layer interfaces. The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between. Pdf effect of routing protocols and layer 2 mediums on. Layer 2 is equivalent to the link layer the lowest layer in the tcpip network model. Presentation layer the presentation layer is concerned with preserving the meaning of information sent across a network. Layer2 is the network layer used to transfer data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on. At layer 3, routers will use dynamic routing protocols. To view or download the pdf version of this document, select secure sockets layer ssltransport layer security tls. While a protocol that affects the configuration or operation of a layer 2 network can use any type of frame with ordinary unicast or multicast addresses, the protocols that are considered layer 2 control protocols with the reserved addresses above can take advantage of special. While layer 2 protocols such as stp operate within a lan environment, routing between subnets requires layer 3 dynamic routing to minimize management costs and maximize network uptime. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the sevenlayer osi model of computer networking.
Many dynamic routing protocols are being used, but most organizations rely on two for their internal routing of ip traffic. The only difference between the two protocols is that ftp. The shell script should have the following content. Applicationlayer protocols it is important to distinguish between network applications and applicationlayer protocols. Tcp, paired with ip, is by far the most popular protocol at the transport level. The cad office must be informed to include the new layer in the template file.
A protocol is a set of rules and conventions that describe how information is to be exchanged between two entities. At layer 2, switches within a building and even across a campus will use the spanning tree protocol stp and its many variants to create a redundant switch fabric that distributes traffic across multiple links and handles device and link failure. Ttl 1 protocol 8bit field indicates specific transportlayer protocol to which data portion of this ip datagram should be passed used only at final destination to facilitate demultiplexing process protocol number is. Ill cover the basics concepts of it and how it works. Application presentation session transport network datalink physical end host application presentation session transport network datalink physical end host network datalink physical network node network datalink physical network node. Layer 2 protocols o routing protocols o available bandwidth 007 and the one question you get, or the. These services work with the transport layer to send and receive data. The tcpip application layer performs the functions of the upper three layers of the osi model.
The common protocols at this layer are ip which is paired with tcp at the transport layer for internet network and ipx which is paired with spx at the transport layer for some older macintosh, linus, unix, novell and windows networks. This list is not exclusive to only the osi protocol family. I wont talk about multispanningtree today because i want to have a separated post talking about multi. Layer 2, also known as the data link layer, is the second level in the sevenlayer osi reference model for network protocol design. Refer to the section user applications, services, and application layer protocols, later in this chapter, for examples. Relay are all examples of data link layer or layer 2 protocols. Most tcpip application layer protocols were developed before pcs, guis and multimedia objects. If the ipx protocol is used at the network layer on networks such as novell or microsoft, then it is paired with spx at the transport layer.
An application layer protocol defines how application processes clients and servers, running on different end systems, pass messages to each other. Ssi, 2006 cse 123a lecture 2 protocols and layering21. The aec uk protocol for layer naming provides five fields separated by a hyphen or dash1, to classify a layer based on the conventions outlined in bs1192. Protocol encapsulation chart a pdf file illustrating the relationship between. This layer receives data from the physical layer and compiles it into a transform form called framing or frame. Spanning tree protocol overview the plugandplay spanning tree protocol stp, a layer 2 protocol that ensures a loopfree topology in bridged lans, has been around for decades. The application layer defines standard internet services and network applications that anyone can use. A protocol in the networking terms is a kind of negotiation and rule in between two networking entities. Tcpip short for transmission control protocol internet protocol, is a communication protocols suite means a set of rules and procedures which are used for interconnecting various network devices over the internet by defining how the data should be transmitted, routed, broken into packets, addressed, and received at the destination. This layer deals with the hardware of networks such as cabling. This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the open systems.
The remote network layer peer should receive the identical message generated by the sender e. The data link layer or layer 2 is the second layer of the seven layer osi model of computer networking. Switch administration and layer 2 protocols how to configure and verify switch administration and layer 2 protocols when the switch is taken out of box, first thing a network will do is secure it by assigning it with an ip address, a default gateway and subnet mask so that the switch is under control even from a remote location. Sitetosite communications using layer 2 wan services. Layer description protocols examples of denial of service techniques at each level potential impact of dos attack mitigation options for attack type application layer 7 data message and packet creation begins. The data link layer or layer 2 is the second layer of the sevenlayer osi model of computer networking. In this lab, you will configure ssh access and layer 2 security for s1 and s2. Layer 2 wan technology design guide august 2014 cisco. The following list shows examples of application layer protocols. Specifies the layer 2 tunneling protocol l2tp ipsec extensions, which allows ip, ipx, or netbeui traffic to be encrypted and then sent over any medium that supports pointtopoint ppp point to point protocol rfc1661 datagram delivery, such as ip, x.